The history and playing of jabing game

Pool, billiards, snooker, carom - these are the names of playing a interesting game with balls (or better globes).
When did this game start does nobody exactly know as well as which from this games is the older one. Some people think that billiards developed from a old game called "Crooked", other people think it developed in atiquity too.
Really underlayed is its appearance not until the Renaissance in the era of 15th and 16th century. For example in the inventary document of a French noblewoman Charlotte d' Albert from the year 1514 is mentioned a billiard table. 58 years later, at the Bart's night on the 24th August 1572, was king Karl IX. trying to amuse himself with a game called "Billes" (=French the balls), while at the same hour in Paris and exactly in all France 20 000 Huguenots were murdered. Nine years before that were the first attempts of composing nerves of famous people right with billiard, noticed. It was before their execution. After a long incarceration was the Scotch queen Mary Stuart permited to play her last billiard, before she was executed.
But not always was it circumstance played. Of course there was played for money and prestige, like between the two gentlemen - Mellant & Legant from Maisondorf. These two has run foul of the game and at the end there was a single combat with an easy weapon, with the bills. Monsieur Mellant did it simply so good, that he hit his rival into his forehead and he fell dead to the floor. This was made with a red ball in the year 1843.
At the beginning of Renaissance this game was stipulated only for the aristocracy, but at the beginning of 17th century it changed. In the 1610 in France was first issued a document which licensed playing billiards in special billiard parlours. But in other Europian countries the "billiard devil" exploded very quickly. In the same time the today version of "billiards with holes" - today called pool or snooker was, known too. This confirms this passage from Zedlers college lexicon published in the year 1713.
(( "The billiard game is the popular game which with ivory balls is played. Panel whereon this happens, has a shape of "rectanguli oblongi" and in every corner as well as in the middle of its longest sides are holes. This holes are with sewn begs equipped, so together are there six holes and bags."((
But the conception of this game was dissimilar to the game as we know it today. The chronicler found out that: "The game is used to be played by two persons, where one of them poses his "bills" (this means balls) on one short side, and the second person tries to push his own balls against the other balls. If it aborts, and he miss the other bills, the owner of attacked balls adds one point to his points. This happens bidirectionaly, until one of the persons hits the other balls - if it goes to one of the holes he has two points and can play the next ball. But if the ball of the person who push falls into the enemy hole, your opponent has three points. This game is played until one of the persons has twelve points - than he is a winner."
At the same time as this game extended it became more refined and the instruments better. This improving brought the news like drapery from a soft stuff, balls from ivory or noble woods, lighter and smoother cues with leather cap and rubber band rails. The game has grown, so in the year 1855 in the encyclopedia of alvenia life games we can find about 35 variations of "table games with balls". While from german, so called "hole billiards", grew "snooker" up and in Amerika "pool", the two original balls from French billiards, carom, obtained a sister.
In the year 1884 the French billiards master Maurice Vignaux established "Café Magnin"- the first billiards academy in the world.
He won a competition with American Slossom too in a uninterrupted billiards set of 1531 balls. This reflects that billiards was extended at the New Continent too. Six years before that took the first american championship in pool place. In Europe, except England, struggled firstly carom. Pool was brought into Europe not until the second world war with american soldiers. It didn't také a long time and the first associations, interrested in this game engendered.
This was one idea how this game arose - now the second idea.
The second idea says that somewhere in England lived a salesman of cloth called Bill. He measured in old English measures - first of all with the yard. This man was a humourist too, he sold 3
other things too - for example sugar or flour. But he didn't measure this stocks with the ordinary plumbs. He measured it with balls in reticules.
Once he had bad mood, so he has spread the balls on the table. Suddenly he found out that bad mood has gone and what more - at the side of the table that stood at the wall the balls reflected.
Every great idea has its simple basement and substance. Bill took a bar and listed the edge of the table, and he easily threw again. Its hard to say when, but at some moment he took the measure-
yard and did the first stroke. It was made by Bill with his yard - Bill's yard, that's why it's billiards.
Indeed the authentic sources determines that already in the 12th century were in England balls with crooked sticks shifted through a gate where a other ball stood, which had to be hit and to knock down a skittle. This certifies the translation of the two English words too - "bills" are balls and yard is a ground. This game transfered to France, where they started to modernize it. Firstly they transfered it from the green grass to a wooden table and than they made a border and the first cushions, although they were wooden, were here. Later they removed the gate from the table vice two balls they started to use three balls, croocked sticks became straight and they started to play carom.
At the courtyard of Lewis XIV. The players had to jostle the balls with a stick of lenghty 1 meter, which was flatten into the shape of an spoon at one side, and was called "mace".
Later the barriers were provided with gum, the board was covered with cloth and they provided their sticks with leather tips, not to slide at the balls. At the same time the sizes and shapes of the tables changed. From squares over circles to rectangle. The sizes of the tables fixed finally at the rate of length and width - 2:1, but there were different sizes again. In the year 1873 was carom played on the tables with proportions 1,425 x 2,85 m, at what is still being played. The wooden board of the table was changed with an slaty board and wooden balls were changed with ivory, let us say with cheaper plastic balls. But the single game has changed. Originally it was played at the whole area without limitations. But when they wre able to make at one position endless sets, wre the nowadays limited corners booted.
The first championship was played in New York in the year 1873 and the first world champion was Frenchman Garrnier. The pills mushroomed very quickly all around the world, so at the beginning of this century in Paris were 20 000 billiards tables. This boom was at the beginning uncontrolled and it was clear that it had to be managed. The people began to make clubs. The first was in the year 1895 American club, than in the year 1903 the French club, in the year 1906 the Belgian club and in the year 1911 the Dutch club.
The original idea of snooker was worked out by a army officer in India in the year 1875. "Snooker" was at the time the nickname of English army cadets. In this game the players have to cue the red balls into the pockets. After one red ball, they can play a coloured ball, which has higher rate. The coloured balls which are pocketed, are given back on the board, until there stays one red ball. Than the players try to play the coloured balls in an special order into the gaps. The end is to place the black ball into the gap as the last.
Bohemia and Slovakia were until 1918 a part of Austria-Hungary, so the billiards clubs were German at this time. Nowadays there are a lot of billiards clubs in our republic and you can play billiards in every good gambling club.
There are a lot of terms, you should know before you start playing one of this games. We can start at the tool. The main things are - cue (a long wooden stick, mainly from one or two parts) and balls (ivory or wooden globes which have to be totally round). The balls in "pool" loook like this:

1. yellow 8.black 15. dark red
2. blue 9. yellow (half)
3. light red 10. blue (half) + white ball
4. purple 11. light red (half)
5. orange 12. purple (half)
6. brown 13. orange (half)
7. dark red 14. brown (half)


The balls in snooker are: 15 red balls (each for 1 point)
1 pink ball (for 6 points)
1 blue ball (for 5 points)
1 brown ball (for 4 points)
1 green ball (for 3 points)
1 orange ball (for 2 points)
+ white ball

For carom there are: 2 white balls
1 blue ball
1 red ball

For example the table - for the cloth is used more than 56 km of woolen fibre (for a table of 4x2 meter). The basis of the table is made from slate and the rest of the table is mostly wooden, or plastic.
For playing of long-distanced balls you have a "spider stand", a "prolonged spider stand" and a standart stand. You can also use your hand to built a gantry for your cue.
You should better clean the top of your cue with a chalk, which is mostly blue.
You hould know words like stroke, twine, hype, left and right flam (called "English" too), pusher, ...and more, and more.
The next thing you should know are the pockets - in pool, snooker and billiards, there are 6 gaps, in carom there's no gap.
Now you should know the minimum for playing of the "jabing game", but for playing billiards, snooker, pool or carom you have to learn more, and more things yet. So good luck and let's meet in a billiards club.