Carboxylic acids

HCOOH-methanoic acid;CH3COOH-ethanoic acid;
COOH-COOH-ethandioic acid
hydrolysis: RCN + 2H2O + HCl RCOOH + NH4Cl
H2O+RCOOH H3O++RCOO-CH3COOH+PCl5àCH3COCl + HCl+POCl5 (1st-ethanoyl chloride)
Oxidation: HCOOHà CO2+2H++2e-
Reduction: RCOOH+ 4H++ 4e-RCH2OH + H2O
Dehydration-omly methanoic & ethandioic acid:
HCOOH conc.H2SO4>CO + H2O; (COOH)2conc.H2SO4> CO + CO2 + H2O
Esters:RCOOH+R'OHàRCOOR& #039;+H2O;CH3COOCH2CH3 ethyl ethanoate


CH3COOCH2CH3+OH- CH3COO- + CH3CH2OH
CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOHàCH3COO-Na+ + CH3CH2OH
Fats:derived from:CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH(glycerol;propane 1,2,3 triol)
Saponification:alkali hydrolysis of fats & oils
CH2OOC(CH2)16CH3
CH2OOC(CH2)16CH3 +3NaOHà3CH3(CH2)16COONa + glydcerol
CH2OOC(CH2)16CH3 sodium octadecanoate(soap)
Types of soaps:sodium soaps; potassium soaps
detergents-substances that improve the cleaning properties of water
Soapless detergents:any molecule with a fairly large non-polar tail and a charg. or polar head; -char. head-anion detergent , +char.head-cationic


Acid anhydrides: (CH3CO)2 -ethanoic anhydride
(CH3CO)2 + H2O 2CH3COOH
(CH3CO)2 + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + CH3COOH
(CH3CO)2 +NH3 CH3CONH2 + CH3COOH (1st -ethanamide)
(CH3CO)2 +CH3CH2NH2 à2CH3CONHCH2CH3 + CH3COOH