Biology - spiecies

Species-group of org. with several features in common & can mate to produce fertile offsprings

Cell-basic functional & structural unit of living org.
a)unicellural b)multicellural,animal c. common plant c.,vesicles nucleus(DNA) vacuoles,(lycosome,peroxysome) cytoplasm starch(gl.),gycogen cell membrane chloroplast,semipermeable mitochondri cell wall,cells- nerve-carry el. imp,RBC-carryO2,WBC-destroy,sensory-dete ct stimuli,epithelial-plants epidermal-protect body surface or organs,muscle-movement by contraction, glandural-produce hormones,acrosome-enzyme in sperm that makes a way across the egg to the nucleus,female-sometimes yolk, some mammals,birds-no human,fertilization-a)outer-in outer environment-outer individual dev.b)inner-birds-outer ind.dev.mammals-inner i.d.-PRE-NATA d.after birth-outer dev.-POST NATA dev.
Asexual repr.- plants-only one parent,offsprings are indetical- clones,more efficient,quicker,not genetic mixing-no evolution


Methods- budding-parts produced aren’t equal.In yeast-sweling bud-outside of the cell waa bud grows-breaks free
Fission-very simple(unicellural)org.-into two equal parts


Spore production-sporet,sporangian,sporangiopl ore,mycelium ,hyphae. rumuers-stemps that spread over the ground & tip bud is formed. rhizomes-underground stems.notice how roots & leaves grow at interval it.
Variations-difference between individuals of one species
Continuous-weight,hight,inteligent,colou r of eyes,density
Discontinuous-where are only two possibilities-blood...

Passing on inf.
Genetic inf.in nucleus, chromosomes-DNA,(2n) two sets of DNA, (n)-1 set of DNA,(2n)-somatic-23pairs 1pair-homologous pairs of chromosomes.Gene-bit of inf. about what you look like.Each one controls one or more characteristics that you’ve inherited from your parents.
Patterns of inheritance-Mendel.heredity-passing on inf.from one generation to another genetics-study of heredity look
DNA+proteins=chromosomes,23 pairs=a)autosomes(22)-like

b)gonosomes-XX-girl,XY-boy.locus-positio n of gene in chrom,allele(s)-forms of gens genotype-type of genes person has,bb-homozygote recessive Bb-heterozygote BB-hom.dominant,phenotype-outward appearance of the genotype,mutation-changes in genetic inf.,chemical change of a single gene or cchromosome, change in no.& structure of chrom.,Down’s syndrome-trizome:ape line,wide eyes,fat,monosomy,albinotic-blond,pale-a lbinism,effected by-rasioactivity,X-rays,UV rays

Evolution-ex
Horse & dunkeymule sterile, humans & apes-comon ancestor-we46chrom.,ape48chrom.can’t mate,reasons for splitting of poppulation:geographical bariers-ocean,mountains,rivers,desert,oc ean islands,behavioural b.-animal kingdom,evolution-gradual slow process-controlled by environment,natural selection,evidence of ev.-fossils-any sorts of remains of living org.Presrved usually in rocks of earth crust.Under special conditions:lack of O2,Ice age,sediments,comparative anatomy-comparing skeletons homologous org.- same origin,changed ahpe,differnet use:arm-wing,analogous org.- same function,different origin:teeth shark-hu.