Biology - mutations

Mendel-investigated inheritance on flowers on pea
DNA- base,phospate,saccharide-joined by nucletoid,
Base-purin(A-adenosin,G-guamin),pirimidi n(C-cytozin,T-tymin)A=T,G=C
RNA-never contains tymin, but uracil, A=U,G=C
Nucleid benom-complete nuber of chromosome in nucleus
Karyotyp-microscopic no. of chr.(46 chz)
Gene-kinear on chr.; main carrier of gen inf.; code of gen.inf.
Locus-specific site of gene; Daun's syndroma47chr.monohybridizmus:1.law-abou t uniformity in filialityàboth par. monozyg.,2.law-about segregation of alles & their comb. in F2 gender,allele-final effect of gene;genotyp-al alles of 1 cell;fenotyp-vonkajší prej.,homozygot=same allelsàdominant or recesive, heterozygot-Aa,autozome-all the others chromozomes(exeot sex chrom.),gonozome-chromosomes joined with sex,hybridisation-kríženie jedincov-
3.alw-duhybridism-law about free combination of allels,in sex,hr.-factorsafeminizating, masculisating,mutations-source of variablity in nature-base of evolution,mutagens-factors that causes mutations:physical,chem.,biological,


types of mut.-gene mut.
1.change in molecule of DNA
2.-chromosme mut.,
3.-genomal-change in no.of chr.-Doun's syndrome

1.-substitution,deletion,insertion,inver sion
2.-deletion,inversion,transloaction
3.-aneuploidia-disorder in ploidity; types of aneuploidity:


Nulisomy,monosomy,doublemonozomy,trizomy ,tetrazomy;vznik-non disjunction; genofond-complete set of genes in popul.,panimixis-same probability that every member has a chace to mate with every member of the opp. sex; constant ratio of genotypes,autogamy-self-fert., typical for plants,Hardy-Weinberg law-law about balance in population,pop. where is not:mutation,selection,migration,genetic drift,frequency of alles: dominating homoza pxp=p2, reces. homoz.aq.q=q2,p2+2pq+q2=1