Križiacke výpravy boli vojenské expedície vedené kresťanmi proti moslimom s cieľom získať späť Svätozem, ktoré prebiehali medzi rokmi 1095 a 1270. Začali sa na Koncile v Clermont, kde pápež Urban II. vyzval na pomoc kresťanom na východe. Prvá križiacka výprava sa zameriavala na oslobodenie Jeruzalema a bola sprevádzaná násilím voči židom v severnom Francúzsku.
- Križiacke výpravy trvali od 1095 do 1270.
- Pápež Urban II. otvoril Koncil v Clermont 18. novembra 1095.
- Hlavným cieľom prvej križiackej výpravy bolo oslobodiť Jeruzalem od moslimskej kontroly.
- Križiaci sa zložením z rôznych sociálnych tried a povolaní snažili dosiahnuť Nicaeu a Jeruzalem.
- Násilie voči židom bolo vyvolané nedostatkom kontroly nad križiakmi.
story/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: anglictina">anglictina/the-crusades/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: the crusades">The crusades were military expeditions launched against the Muslims by the Christians in an attempt to regain the Holy Land. They took place between 1095 A.D. and 1270 A.D. It was one of the most violent periods in the history of mankind. The starting point of the crusades was on November 18, 1095 A.D. when Pope Urban II opened the Council of Clermont. On November 27, outside the French city of Clermont-Ferrand, the Pope made an important speech. He called upon everyone to help the Christians in the east to restore peace. The crowd's response was very positive. fashion-garments/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: garments">Garments were cut into crosses which were attached to people's shoulders in an imitation of Christ (Matthew 10:38).(1) The original object of the First Crusade was to help Christian churches in the east. The new goal became to free the Holy Land from Muslim control, especially Jerusalem. Pope Urban II stayed in France until September 1096 to provide leadership and guidance for the members of the First Crusade. He urged churchmen to preach the cross in France. Urban wanted the crusading army to be mostly made up of knights and other military personnel. Since the news of his speech at Clermont spread through the west, people from all social classes and occupations joined the Crusade. As a result of Urban losing control of personnel, violence was launched against the Jews of northern France. This violence was mostly instigated by bands of the urban and rural poor led by men like Peter the Hermit and Walter Sans-Avoir. These groups lacked supplies and discipline. They attempted to reach Constantinople but most of them never got that far. The leaders in lands which they passed through were frightened and killed many of the crusading bands. Some did get to Constantinople and traveled across the Bosphorus in August 1096. There they split into two groups. One tried to overtake Nicaea and was unsuccessful. The other was ambushed and slaughtered near Civetot in October. The remaining crusaders retreated to Constantinople and joined the second wave of the Crusade. The crusaders were eager to start the journey to Jerusalem but they needed to capture the Anatolian Turkish capital of Nicaea first because it blocked the road that would be their main supply route. It was held by Seljuk Turks. In May 1097, the crusaders attacked Nicaea. The Turks realized that they were defeated and agreed to give cantenbury-the-city/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: the city">the city to the Byzantines in exchange for the lives of their men.
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Kedy sa začali križiacke výpravy?
Križiacke výpravy sa začali 18. novembra 1095, keď pápež Urban II. otvoril Koncil v Clermont.
Aký bol hlavný cieľ prvej križiackej výpravy?
Hlavným cieľom prvej križiackej výpravy bolo oslobodiť Svätozem, najmä Jeruzalem, od moslimskej kontroly.
Aké násilie sprevádzalo križiacke výpravy?
Násilie voči židom v severnom Francúzsku bolo vyvolané nedostatkom kontroly nad križiakmi, ktorí sa zúčastnili výpravy.