Referát sa zaoberá vývojom medicíny od prehistorických čias po renesanciu, pričom sa zameriava na rôzne medicínske systémy ako Ayurveda, egyptská, grécka a čínska medicína, ako aj na medicínske praktiky v stredoveku a renesancii.
- Ayurveda je systém medicíny založený na textoch Charaka Samhita a Sushruta Samhita.
- Egyptská medicína kombinovala byliny, chirurgiu a magické amulety, pričom Imhotep bol významným lekárom.
- Grécka medicína sa opierala o Hippokratovu teóriu štyroch humorov a Asclepiovu kombináciu vedeckého a nadprirodzeného prístupu.
- Čínska medicína sa zameriavala na vyváženie energií Yin a Yang pomocou akupunktúry a moxibustion.
- V stredoveku bola čierna smrť spôsobená pneumonickou a bubonickou morom, pričom kláštory poskytovali liečbu kombinovanú s náboženskou vierou.
- V renesancii sa objavili mikroskopy, ktoré umožnili objavovanie malých krvného ciev, ako sú kapiláry.
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1. PREHISTORY & ANCIENT WORLD
Indian medicine -the medicine system is known as Ayruveda and means knowledge or science
based on 2 books:
Charaka Samhita-mainly a medicine text Seshruta Samhita-concentrate on surgery -the whole medicine was a mix of society/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: religion">religion and secular medicine -surgeons used over 121 different steel instruments -most inducted was the plastic surgery(anglictina/capital-punishment/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: punishment">punishment for adultery was a truncated nose) Egyptian medicine -treatments:herbs,plants,surgery and magic charms -everything was proven to have sound medicinal properties for exam., honey has antibacterial properties and was used to heal wounds -Imhotep was an Egyptian doctor, who lived around 2600BC and was later revered as a god Greek medicine -Asclepius-a doctor, later revered as a god -Hippocrates believed that disease had a rational basis -he developed the theory of Four Humours:black bile, yellow bile,phlegm and blood -he left over 50 written works which advised doctors on how to examine patients for symptoms,provide simple treatmants and observe and record the development of disease -the whole medicine was a combination of Hippocrate’s scientific approach and of Asclepius’s supernatural beliefs Chinese medicine -they believed that disease was caused by unbalance in the body -the body was made upof 2 sorts of energy, Yin (dark, moist and female) and Yang (masculine,light and dry) -the balance was rectifed by acupunture or moxibustion-placing a cone of moca (leaves of a mugwort plant) on particular acupunture points( that was to increase the amount of Yang in the body) -human dissection was forbidden-that’s why they new little about anatomy
Interesting ways of Roman restoring (uzdravovanie):
Spider-bite: you have to crush the body of the spider and place it on the bite, otherwise you must cover the wound with his web Fatigue or low weight: thick soup of shrimps,flour & frogs boiled in wine Antidote against a toad: crashed frogs soaked in wine Fever: flesh of frogs cooked in olive oil Herb-bylina Cover-prikryť Fatigue-únava Moist-mokvavý Truncate-odseknúť bile-žlč rectify-naprávať Secular-dlhodobý phlegm-ľahostajnosť increase-zvýšiť Adultery-cudzoložstvo disese-choroba amount-hodnota Charm-kúzlo treatment-liečenie dissection-pitva Revered-uctievaný approach-prístup antidote-protijed Sound-vhodný cone-šiška toad-ropucha 2, MIDDLE AGES Blackdeath- 2 kinds of plague: pneumonic –air based, & bubonic- spread by a flea bite, responsible for 10 mil.deaths in 2 years -monansteries- in there you had the best chance to survive in Middle Age, some of them had hospital attached, treatments would combine with natural remedies with religious faith -monks experimented with creating medicines Rhazes-a Persion doctor around AD900, follower of Hippocrates -he discovered the difference between measles and smallpox St.Anthony’s fire- dreadful illness, the cause is a fungus that grows on broad made from rye, you have visions. London was the smellest town in England ,they have threw rubish ,excrements and scran out of the window and waited till a downpour came and carried it away. They shouted :”gardey loo”
Plague-mor measles-osýpky scran-zvyšky jedla Spread-rozširovať smallpox-kiahne loo-WC Monansters-kláštory draedfull-strašný Attached-oddaný fungus-huba Remedies-zlúčeniny rye-raž
3,RENAISSANCE 17th century –invention of the microscope by Anton Van Leenwenhoek 1665-reflecting microskope by Robert Hooke Marcello Malpighi- used it to identify and descripe the tiny blood vessels called capillaries In the 16th century was the main method of stopping a wound bleeding was for exam.
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Čo je Ayurveda?
Ayurveda je tradičný indický systém medicíny, ktorý sa zakladá na vedomostiach a textoch ako Charaka Samhita a Sushruta Samhita.
Aké boli hlavné prístupy v grékej medicíne?
Grécka medicína sa opierala o Hippokratovu teóriu štyroch humorov a kombinovala vedecké metódy s nadprirodzenými presvedčeniami.
Aké objavy sa uskutočnili v renesancii v oblasti medicíny?
V renesancii sa objavili mikroskopy, ktoré umožnili objavovanie a opisovanie malých krvného ciev, ako sú kapiláry.