Referát sa zaoberá vývojom anglického jazyka od staroangličtiny cez strednú angličtinu až po ranú modernú angličtinu. Popisuje, ako sa jazyk menil v dôsledku historických udalostí, ako je normanská invázia, a ako sa vyvíjala gramatika a výslovnosť.
- Angličtina je germánsky jazyk patriaci do indoeurópskej jazykovej rodiny.
- Staroangličtina sa používala do konca 11. storočia a bola podobná súčasnej nemčine.
- Po normanskej invázii sa do angličtiny dostalo mnoho francúzskych a latinských slov.
- Stredná angličtina sa používala od začiatku 12. storočia do konca 14. storočia a jej najvýznamnejším autorom bol Geoffrey Chaucer.
- Raná moderná angličtina, ktorú používal Shakespeare, sa líši od súčasnej angličtiny, ale je ľahšie zrozumiteľná ako stredná alebo staroangličtina.
English is a Germanic language, and it belongs to the Indo – European family of languages.English did not always sound the way it does in our times. Old English is quite well known to us through translations of the Bible, from old chronicles, but also from other documents. It was used until about the end of the11th century A.D.It sounded very different form contemporary English.In fact, it was more similar to the German language of our century than to present- day English. It had many inflections, and the word order was by far not so important as it is in the syntax of English today. During the period which followed the Norman Conquest, many French and Latin words entered the vocabulary od English. These new words, however, did not change the structure of story/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: anglictina">anglictina/the-english-language/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: the english language">the English language.The simplification of the English inflectional system was caused by an inner development of English articles-morphology/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: morphology">morphology and syntax. We refer to this newer form of English by the term Middle English. Middle English was spoken and written from the begnning of the 12 th century till aobut the end of the 14th century. Geoffrey Chauser was the most important literary figure of the period.His English was still very different from the English we use today.
Shakespeare used a language that we today refer to as Early Modern English. There we can find many words and structures which are different from those used in Modern English. Early Modern English is not so difficult to understand today as is Middle or Old English.The grammar of English was even more simplified till the end of the 16 th centuryThere were also numerous changes in the pronunciation of English. In fact, there were so many of them that the spelling could not follow all of these changes. As a result, the written representation of English is quite different from its spoken form.
There were many dialects of English during the Old and Middle English period, and it was very difficult to achieve a pronunciation which would be uniform everywhere. It was easier to standardize the literary language, especially so after Caxton introduced printing in England before the end ot the 15 th century. English pronunciation was also being standardized in the centuries that followed.
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Kedy sa používala staroangličtina?
Staroangličtina sa používala do konca 11. storočia.
Kto bol najvýznamnejším autorom strednej angličtiny?
Najvýznamnejším autorom strednej angličtiny bol Geoffrey Chaucer.
Aké zmeny nastali v angličtine po normanskej invázii?
Po normanskej invázii sa do angličtiny dostalo mnoho francúzskych a latinských slov, čo obohatilo jej slovnú zásobu.