Austrália je kontinent s rozmanitou geografiou, vrátane hôr, púští a Veľkého bariérového útesu. Jej história zahŕňa osídlenie Aborigínmi a britskú kolonizáciu, ktorá začala v 17. storočí. Dnes je Austrália demokratickou krajinou s federálnym systémom.
- Austrália je rozlohou porovnateľná so Spojenými štátmi.
- Hlavné pohoria sa nachádzajú na východnom pobreží, pričom najvyšším vrchom je Mount Kosciusko.
- Západná časť kontinentu je pokrytá púštnym plošinou, vrátane Veľkej Viktórie a Veľkej piesočnej púšte.
- Veľký bariérový útes je najväčší koralový útes na svete a nachádza sa na severovýchodnom pobreží.
- Prví obyvatelia, Aborigíni, prišli do Austrálie pred viac ako 40 000 rokmi.
- Británia si nárokovala Austráliu v 18. storočí a založila trestaneckú kolóniu v Sydney.
Geography The continent of Australia, with the island state of Tasmania, is approximately equal in area to the United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii). Mountain ranges run from north to south along the east coast, reaching their highest point in Mount Kosciusko (7,308 ft.; 2,228 m). The western half of the continent is occupied by a desert plateau that rises into barren, rolling hills near the west coast. It includes the Great Victoria Desert to the south and the Great Sandy Desert to the north. The anglictina/australia-great-barrier-reef-3315/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: great barrier reef">Great Barrier Reef, extending about 1,245 miles (2,000 km), lies along the northeast coast. The island of Tasmania (26,178 sq. mi.; 67,800 sq. km) is off the southeastern coast.
Government Democracy. Symbolic executive power is vested in the British monarch, who is represented throughout Australia by the governor-general.
History The first inhabitants of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia. There may have been between a half million to a full million Aborigines at the time of European settlement; today there are about 350,000.
Dutch, Portuguese, and Spanish ships sighted Australia in the 17th century; the Dutch landed at the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606. In 1616 the territory became known as New Holland. The British arrived in 1688, but it was not until Captain osobnosti-zivotopisy/james-cook-zivotopis/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: james cook">James Cook's voyage in 1770 that britain/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: great britain">Great Britain claimed possession of the vast island, calling it New South Wales. A British penal colony was set up at Port Jackson (what is now Sydney) in 1788, and about 161,000 transported English convicts were settled there until the system was suspended in 1839. Free settlers established six colonies: New South Wales (1786), Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land) (1825), Western Australia (1829), South Australia (1834), Victoria (1851), and Queensland (1859). Various gold rushes attracted settlers, as did the mining of other minerals. Sheep farming and grain soon became important economic enterprises. The six colonies became states and in 1901 federated into the Commonwealth of Australia with a constitution that incorporated British parliamentary and U.S. federal holidays-and-feastdays/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: traditions">traditions.
🤔 Najčastejšie otázky k téme
Aká je rozloha Austrálie v porovnaní so Spojenými štátmi?
Austrália je rozlohou približne rovnaká ako Spojené štáty, bez Aljašky a Havaja.
Kedy bola Austrália kolonizovaná Britániou?
Británia si nárokovala Austráliu v roku 1770, keď kapitán James Cook uskutočnil svoju plavbu.
Kto boli prví obyvatelia Austrálie?
Prvými obyvateľmi Austrálie boli Aborigíni, ktorí prišli do krajiny pred viac ako 40 000 rokmi.