A brief lookout on the history of England

Earliest Times • stone age (central core of flint, flakes of flint) • neolithic people (farming, pottery) • 3000 BC – henges • 2400 BC – “beaker” people (bronze) • 700 BC – anglictina/the-celts/" class="wiki-link" title="Viac o: the celts">the Celts (iron, tribes, druids, Boadicea (AD 61)) • Romans – reading and writing, Hadrian’s wall, roads, villas) • AD 430 – Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)

• Bede
• King Offa of Mercia
• witan, shires, strips of land, manor, class system
• monk Augustine (archbishop of Cantenbury (601))
• Alfred (monasteries, system of law, AD 878 battle with Vikings)

• AD 856 – the Vikings – treaty with Alfred • AD 950 – Danish Vikings – Ethelred A-S (regular tax system (paid Vikings to stay away)

• Cnut D-V

• Edward the Confessor – Norman (church, manor) • Harold – AD 1066 – defeated the Danes in Yorkshire

• William landed in England – battle near Hastings

The Early Middle Ages • William the Conqueror – feudalism

• the Domesday Book
• sons : Robert (Normandy), William Rufus (England, †hunting accident), Henry (after Rufus’s death took the crown)

• Henry – defeated Rober, united Normandy & England

• daughter Matilda /+ Geoffrey Plantagenet (Henry quarreled with him)/
• nephew Stephen of Blois – after Henry’s death raced to England to claim the crown

> Matilda attacked England what caused civil war> 1153 Matilda’s son Henry will succeed the throne • Henry II. – manor again became the centre of administration & life

• /+ Eleanor of Aquitaine/ - later on he quarreled with her and his sons Richard & John took their mother’s side and fought against their father
• 1170 Thomas Becket
• conquered Ireland
• trial by jury
• †1189

• Richard I. Lionheart – went to Holy Land to fight the Muslims – on his way back was captured by duke of Austria (England had to pay)

• † 1199 in France

• John – greedy (king’s court, payments of nobles, taxes)

• 1204 French king invaded Normandy> nobles lost their lands
• 1209 quarreled with Pope on who will be the Archbishop of Cant.> closed churches> John gave in in 1214
• 1215 hoped to recapture Normandy – lords did not trust him & together with merchants marched to London> Magna Carta + committee, paid fighters
• †1216

• Henry III. – expensive Pope wars

• Simon de Montfort – 1258 took over government – Parliament, defeated and killed in 1265
• †1272

• Edward I. – House of Commons (mixture of gentry and merchants)

• 1242 Llewelyn ap Gruffydd
• 1282 united Wales and England> baby son becomes the Prince of Wales
• drained Ireland – “the Pale”
• 1290 – Scotland – John de Balliol
• invaded Scotland against rebels – William Wallace’s people’s army 1297 (†Wallace – Scottish nationalism)

+ Robert Bruce – freed Scotland 1314 -†1307 • Edward II. – defeated by Bruce at Bannockbury 1314

• †1327 murdered

🤔 Najčastejšie otázky k téme

Aké kultúry a národy ovplyvnili ranú históriu Anglicka?

Raná história Anglicka bola ovplyvnená rôznymi kultúrami a národmi, vrátane neolitických osídlení, Rimanov, Germánov (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) a Vikingov.

Čo je Magna Carta a prečo je dôležitá?

Magna Carta, podpísaná v roku 1215, bola dokument, ktorý obmedzil moc kráľa Jána bez Zeme a zaviedol základné právne princípy, ktoré ovplyvnili vývoj demokracie a právneho systému v Anglicku.

Kto bol William dobyvateľ a aký mal vplyv na Anglicko?

William dobyvateľ bol normandský vojvodca, ktorý v roku 1066 dobyl Anglicko v bitke pri Hastings a zaviedol feudalizmus, čo malo zásadný dopad na politickú a sociálnu štruktúru krajiny.