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1. COMPOUND SENTENCE

 consists of two or more main clauses, which are independent on each other  clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions (such as and, and then, but, for, nor, or, so, yet, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but), adverb or adverbial phrase  using these conjunctions we can express

  • addition (and, neither…nor)
I washed the dishes and cleaned the kitchen

  • continuation (and then)
I was reading a book and then I watched TV.

  • contrast (but, yet)
John phoned this morning, but he didn’t leave a message.

  • choice (or, either…or)
We can stay at home or have a dinner in a restaurant.

  • result (so)
She didn’t show up at the party, so I went home.

  • reason (for)
We don’t usually eat out, for we can’t afford it.  when the subject is identical in all parts of the sentence, it’s not necessary to repeat it  the subject is usually repeated after so  the subject must be repeated after for  there isn’t usually a comma in front of and  there is often a comma in front of other conjunctions

2. COMPLEX SENTENCE

 consists of one main clause and one or more dependent clauses  dependent clause is subordinate to the main clause  clauses are connected by subordinate conjunctions (such as after, when, that, whether, since…), relative pronouns  there are three main types of dependent clauses

  • nominal clauses
  • relative clauses
  • adverbial clauses

2.1 NOMINAL CLAUSE

 may function as a subject, object or subject complement  there are four types of nominal clauses

  • nominal declarative clauses
  • nominal interrogative clauses
  • nominal exclamative clauses
  • nominal relative clauses

2.1.1. NOMINAL DECLARATIVE CLAUSE

 derived from statement  sometimes called ‘that clauses’, because the typical conjunction for this type of clause is that  nominal declarative clause is often used after ‘reporting verbs’ (such as tell, say, know, think)  that can be usually omitted It’s a shame (that) you have to leave.

2.1.2 NOMINAL INTERROGATIVE CLAUSE

 derived from question  there are two types of nominal interrogative clauses

  • derived from yes/no questions
  • conjunctions if, whether
  • used after ‘reporting verbs’ (such as tell, ask, want to know)
Ask her if she’s alright.